compounds of hafnium

 Hafnium makes the most refractory carbide and nitrides of any know metal. Hafnium nitride has a melting point of 3310°C. Hafnium carbide has a melting point of 3890°C. It can be oxidised by halogens and burnt in air. When finely divided, Hafnium is pyrophoric and can ignite spontaneously in air. Hafnium is used in reactor rods in nuclear reactors and nuclear submarines. Hafnium has been used in alloys with many metals. A Hafnium alloy, C-103, which is 89% niobium, 10% Hafnium and 1% titanium was used in the main engine of the Apollo Lunar Modules.Hafnium isotopes are being studied for the possibility of using it as a power source for gamma-ray lasers or unmanned aircraft.Hafnium is a good oxygen and nitrogen scavenger and has been used in gas filled and incandescent lamps.Hafnium is found with zirconium sources, and is therefore a by-product of mineral sands deposits. Sources containing  Hafnium are found in Brazil, Malawi and Australia –Mount Weld in Western Australia is considered to be one of the richest rare earth deposits in the world.

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