Zirconium compounds has been widely attention over the last decades due to itsexcellent physical and chemical properties. Zirconium nitride nanopowders weresynthesized via a simple direct carbothermic nitridation process of internal gelderived zirconia in the presence of nano-sized carbon black. The effects of reactiontemperature, dwell time and molar ratio of carbon black to Zr (C/Zr) on the phasecomposition, grain size and crystal parameters of products were studied. Based uponthe analysis of crystallite phase evolution and microstructure characterization, it wasfound that zirconium oxynitride is intermediate product and then O atoms inoxynitride were extracted by oxygen getter, carbon black. Anion sites were directlyreplaced by N atoms to form rock-salt type nitride in carbothermic nitridationprocess.